An Auction Catalog That Narrates Philippine History
- sandylichauco
- Aug 29
- 9 min read
In the world of auctions, some collections are more than just a gathering of valuable items; they are a curated journey through history. The upcoming “The Magnificent September Auction 2025” of Leon Gallery features a collection of such significance, with three items—strategically placed as Lot 72, 73, and 74—that together tell a crucial chapter in Philippine history: the final years of Spanish colonial rule and the beginning of the American era. These objects are more than simple relics; they create a narrative that runs through the defining moments of the nation’s fight for freedom. Each item acts as both witness and participant in the development of Filipino identity—bearing silent testimony to the hopes, sacrifices, and ambitions of generations. Their stories are connected, reflecting the powerful transformation of a people, from the first sparks of rebellion, through cultural awakening, to the complex realities of newfound independence.
Enduring through the tides of history, these artifacts invite us to reflect on the interconnected destinies of individuals and nations. They preserve not only major events but also the daily dreams of those who dared to believe in a different tomorrow. In their presence, history becomes not just a distant echo but a living, breathing legacy—one that continues to inspire and challenge us today.
These three items — a book, a program, and a songbook — serve as a masterclass in historical storytelling. They trace the intellectual awakening that sparked a revolution, the growing national confidence that challenged colonial norms, and the tragic yet inevitable shift to a new foreign influence power.
The Spark: A Revolutionary Novel (Lot 72)
The first item, Lot 72, is a first-edition copy of José Rizal’s groundbreaking novel, Noli Me Tángere. This isn't just any ordinary copy; it bears a personal dedication from Rizal himself to the esteemed scholar Don T. H. Pardo de Tavera, which adds an extraordinary layer of historical significance to this already monumental work. Noli Me Tángere is widely regarded as one of the
most important books in Philippine history, serving not merely as a literary achievement but as a pivotal instrument of social change. More than a book, this novel is often credited as the spark that ignited the Philippine Revolution, a movement that sought to liberate the Filipino people from the oppressive rule of Spanish colonialism. The narrative within Noli Me Tángere is a powerful critique of the systemic injustices and abuses experienced by Filipinos under Spanish dominion. Rizal's incisive portrayal of the social, political, and economic conditions of his time resonated deeply with the Filipino populace, awakening a sense of national identity and consciousness. The characters and their struggles depicted in the novel reflect the real-life experiences of many Filipinos, making the work not only relatable but also a call to action. It inspired influential figures like Andres Bonifacio, the founder of the Katipunan, and many others who began to question their colonial rulers and the status quo, ultimately leading to the launch of the Philippine Revolution in 1896. Rizal's commitment to reform and his vision for a free and just society were tragically cut short when he was executed by the Spanish authorities in 1896. However, his martyrdom only intensified the resolve of his compatriots and laid the groundwork for the establishment of the Philippines' first republic. The legacy of Noli Me Tángere endures, as it continues to be a source of inspiration for generations of Filipinos who strive for social justice and national sovereignty. The scarcity of surviving first editions makes this particular copy a scarce and significant piece of history, not just for bibliophiles but for anyone interested in the socio-political evolution of the Philippines. Owning a first edition of Noli Me Tángere, especially one with Rizal's personal dedication, is akin to possessing a tangible piece of the nation's struggle for independence and identity. It represents a crucial chapter in the narrative of Filipino resilience and the enduring quest for freedom, making it a treasure of immense cultural and historical value.
The Awakening: An Expression of Filipino Identity (Lot 73)
Lot 73 shifts the focus from revolution to cultural renaissance, illustrating a pivotal moment in Philippine history that transcends mere political upheaval. It is a well-preserved souvenir program from the 1895 Exposicion Regional de Filipinas, a landmark event that marked the first regional expo of its kind held in the vibrant city of Manila. This exposition was not just a showcase of the Philippines' agricultural and industrial products; it was a celebration of the rich cultural heritage and artistic achievements of the Filipino people during a time of colonial rule.
The cover of this program is designed by the renowned painter Juan Luna, whose work has left an indelible mark on Philippine art. The featured piece, España y Filipinas, is a powerful symbol that encapsulates the complex and often fraught relationship between the colonial power of Spain and its territory in the Philippines. This artwork goes beyond decoration; it offers a powerful commentary on Filipino cultural identity, highlighting their aspirations for recognition and self-determination against the backdrop of colonial dominance.
The significance of the Exposicion Regional de Filipinas extends beyond its immediate artistic and cultural presentations. It was a platform for Filipino artists, artisans, and intellectuals to come together and showcase their talents, fostering a sense of national pride and unity. The exposition drew thousands of visitors from both local and international backgrounds. It offered Filipinos a timely and rare chance to assert their identity and highlight their unique contributions to art, science, and industry within a colonial setting.
This program encapsulates the spirit of the era, offering insights into the various exhibits that were displayed, ranging from traditional crafts to modern innovations emerging at the time. It serves as a historical document, preserving the narratives of the participants and the significance of their works, which contributed to the burgeoning sense of nationalism that ultimately culminated in the Philippine Revolution. The Exposicion Regional de Filipinas was not just an event; it was a catalyst for cultural renaissance, inspiring a generation of Filipinos to embrace their heritage and strive for a future defined by their own aspirations and values.
The exhibition, a remarkable testament to the rising artistic talent within the archipelago, provided a crucial platform for both established and emerging Filipino artists to showcase their innovative and diverse work. The event not only highlighted the rich cultural heritage of the Philippines but also served as a vibrant canvas for the expression of contemporary issues through art. Most notably, it was a milestone event for women, marking a significant turning point in the representation of female artists in the region. Fourteen Filipina women artists participated, a number that reflects a groundbreaking achievement for the era and underscores the shifting dynamics in the art world. Under the leadership of the exceptionally talented
Carmen Zaragoza y Rojas, who had already gained recognition for her contributions to the artistic landscape and was awarded two copper medals for her landscapes exhibited in the Exposition, collectively challenged traditional gender norms and societal expectations with these women artists. By publicly displaying their creative skills and perspectives, they not only asserted their rightful place within the artistic community but also began to redefine the role of women in society. Their works spanned various media and themes, each piece telling a story that resonated with the struggles and aspirations of Filipino women at the time. The collective success of these artists marked a significant step forward in creating space for women's voices in the arts, contributing to a growing sense of national identity and pride. Their participation in the exhibition was a bold statement that echoed the sentiments of a society on the brink of transformation. This program, therefore, isn’t just a record of an event; it stands as a profound symbol of the increasing Filipino confidence that preceded the revolution. It encapsulates the spirit of a nation grappling with its identity amidst colonial influences and internal conflicts. Moreover, the exhibition served as a prelude to the dramatic events that would unfold over the next three years, reflecting the internal struggle between the colonizer and the colonized. It highlighted the resilience of the Filipino people and their determination to assert their cultural identity in the face of oppression. The artworks presented were not only aesthetic expressions but also influential commentaries on the socio-political climate of the time, making the exhibition a pivotal moment in Philippine history. Consequently, it played a crucial role in fostering a sense of unity among artists and the broader community, laying the groundwork for future generations to continue the struggle for equality and representation. This exhibition marked a significant milestone in Philippine history, significantly contributing to the solidarity among artists and the broader community, and laying the groundwork for future efforts in the fight for equality and representation in the arts.
The Aftermath: A Change of Hands (Lot 74)
The final item in this historical trilogy, Lot 74, represents the aftermath of the revolution and the
beginning of a new struggle. This rare pamphlet, “Souvenir of the American-Spanish War: Songs and Poems,” was published in November 1898, shortly after the American victory at the Battle of Manila Bay and right after the 8th Army Corps, the Philippine Expeditionary Force led by Major General Wesley Merritt, took over the land campaign from Commodore Dewey. It features a collection of original songs and poems diligently compiled to be the "companion" of American soldiers during their time spent in Manila. Nevertheless, its real importance is in the cover, which Filipino artisans crafted.
The songbook’s significance extends beyond its content, offering an engaging glimpse into the complex geopolitical scene of that era. Its cover displays the Filipino Flag and coat of arms, along with a detailed explanation of their symbolism that sends powerful nationalist messages.
The flag's colors carry profound significance, each representing deep-rooted ideals. The vibrant red symbolizes the blood shed in the pursuit of Liberty, honoring the sacrifices of those who fought for freedom. It evokes courage and resilience. In contrast, the pure white embodies Liberty itself, reflecting peace, hope, and moral clarity, signifying aspirations for a just society where unity prevails. The deep blue represents the infinite sky, symbolizing boundless opportunities and freedoms. It evokes tranquility and stability, inspiring citizens to pursue their ambitions. Together, these colors narrate sacrifice, hope, and limitless possibility, encapsulating the essence of freedom.
The two flags intertwined and connected by the eagle, with the sun shining behind them, symbolize an unlikely “union” between the two countries that fought a common enemy, Spain.
The sun, a symbol of great significance in Philippine heraldry, represents liberty and the dawn of a new era, reflecting the Filipino people's aspirations for freedom and independence. Its rays represent the dissemination of light and knowledge, symbolizing hope and progress. Prominent in the national flag and emblems, the sun pays tribute to the sacrifices for sovereignty and self-determination. The human face within the sun, often regarded as the Katipunan sun, symbolizes enlightenment and the revolutionary spirit against colonization. The Katipunan, established in 1892, aimed for independence from Spanish rule and a national identity. This face represents the collective determination of Filipinos, embodying courage and resilience. The sun's dual symbolism as light and revolutionary spirit underscores the Philippines' rich history and enduring hope. It is a powerful emblem of Filipino identity, signifying unity, strength, and the pursuit of freedom, inspiring generations to uphold liberty and enlightenment.
The three stars inevitably symbolize Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, representing the unified hopes of the Philippine archipelago. The eight rays of the central emblem, meanwhile, represent the eight provinces that played a crucial role in the Filipino fight for independence. The
mountain on the coat of arms symbolizes Biak-na-Bato, a historically significant site in the Philippines. It represents the nation's struggle for independence and the bravery of its people. At Biak-na-Bato, a crucial treaty was signed in 1897 between Spanish authorities, led by Governor-General Fernando Primo de Rivera, and Filipino revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo. This treaty marked a temporary pause in the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule, promising reforms and acknowledging Filipino aspirations for self-governance. The mountain, known for its natural beauty, served as a refuge for revolutionaries and symbolizes resilience and hope. It reflects the determination for freedom and the enduring legacy of the Philippine Revolution, reminding us of the sacrifices made for the rights and freedoms enjoyed today.
Unbeknownst to both sides at the time, this brief period of cooperation would quickly lead to the brutal Philippine-American War. This conflict would shape the next forty years of the Philippines’ fight for true independence. This simple songbook stands as a touching reminder of that fleeting, hopeful moment before a new and tragic chapter began.
These three elements—the revolutionary spark, the cultural awakening, and the bittersweet transition—create a powerful narrative of a nation's struggle and growth. The revolutionary spark ignites passion and resolve, inspiring people to stand up against oppression in the name of freedom and justice. This catalyst stays, pushing future generations to fight for their rights. The cultural awakening signifies a time of reflection and renewal, during which society reexamines its values and identity, leading to artistic and philosophical growth. It builds community and empowers individuals to reclaim their narrative. The bittersweet transition highlights the complexity of change, acknowledging both progress and the sacrifices made. It is a time of hope and hardship, reminding us of past injustices and the ongoing fight for equality. Together, these elements offer a unique opportunity to own a piece of a nation's journey. These items are more than just collectibles; they serve as tangible connections to significant historical events. Each piece stands as evidence of human resilience and the quest for dignity, motivating future generations to persevere in the struggle for justice and independence in all forms.
All three items will go on auction on September 13, 2025 at 2:00pm at the Leon Gallery
Sources:
Leon Gallery Catalogue "The Magnificent September 2025" auction
https://renacimientomanila.org/2021/04/11/quiapo-heritage-zaragoza-araneta-house/
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